ABSTRACT
Gracias a los avances tecnológicos, los niños prematuros con discapacidades físicas mayores han disminuido su prevalencia; actualmente, los defectos cognitivos son la secuela predominante. Se investigó el desarrollo cognitivo y la atención en escolares con antecedentes de haber sido recién nacidos prematuros, a través de un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en que se realizaron evaluaciones neuropsicológicas mediante WISC-R y test de Gordon a niños escolares con antecedentes de prematurez (EG<33s y/o PN<1500g) y niños controles con antecedentes de ser recién nacidos de término. Se evaluó a 77 pacientes: 40 niños prematuros (EG: 30,5 s) y 37 de término, entre 6-7 años. Aunque ambos grupos obtuvieron un CIT dentro del rango normal, se observó diferencias significativas (p<0,03) en desmedro del grupo prematuro en comparación con controles. Las habilidades atencionales también fueron significativamente menores para los prematuros (p< 0,01). Los niños prematuros se encuentran en riesgo de presentar problemas cognitivos y/o de atención en la etapa escolar. Se sugiere incorporar instrumentos de pesquisa de estas dificultades durante el seguimiento, que permitan un reconocimiento precoz e intervención oportuna.
The prevalence of premature children with major physical disabilities has diminished over time mainly due to advances in technology. Cognitive disorders are currently the main sequels. In order to study cognitive and attentional functioning of extremely premature infants at school age, a cross sectional study was designed. Neuropsychological assessments were performed by WISC-R and Gordon test, in prematures and controls at school age. Seventy seven children, 40 preterm (GA: 30.5 w) and 37 term at birth, aged 6-7 years-old were assessed. Although both groups obtained an overall IQ within the normal range, prematures showed significantly lower scores than the control group (p< 0.03). Attentional skills were also significantly lower (p <0.01) in the premature children. Children with a history of extreme prematurity are at risk for cognitive and attention impairment at school age. We suggest to introduce screening tools during follow-up which allow early recognition and appropriate intervention.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Child , Premature Birth/physiopathology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/physiopathology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Birth Weight , Case-Control Studies , Developmental Disabilities , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Intelligence , Intelligence Tests , Neuropsychological Tests , Reference Values , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/etiology , Cognition Disorders/etiologyABSTRACT
Introdução: Trauma é uma lesão produzida por ação violenta, em geral de natureza física externa ao organismo.O atendimento é de urgência e alta complexidade. O trauma, além de sequelas físicas, traz também sequelas psicológicas graves. Os traumas faciais e dentários causam grandes conflitos psicológicos em virtude do comprometimento da estética. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico do trauma dentofacial nos pacientes atendidos no ano de 2009, no Pronto-Socorro Geral e Odontológico do Hospital Universitário Cajuru, na cidade de Curitiba (PR). Materiais e métodos: O estudo foi realizado por meio da análise retrospectiva de 1.380 prontuários de pacientes vítimas de trauma dentofacial atendidos no Hospital Universitário Cajuru no ano de 2009. Resultados: O sexo masculino compreendeu 66,37% dos pacientes traumatizados.A faixa etária de zero aos 10 anos foi a mais afetada, com 38,47%. As quedas foram o principal motivo dos traumas (53,92%). Os domingos (17,39%) e o período noturno (35,90%) foram os momentos mais frequentes dos traumatismos. O trauma dentário mais frequente foi a fratura coronária (30,25%) e os dentes mais acometidos foram os incisivos centrais (45,64%) Conclusão: As crianças foram as principais vítimas.O sexo masculino foi o mais acometido. Os traumas ocorrem, em sua maioria, durante a noite, sendo que no domingo a ocorrência desse tipo de trauma foi maior. A etiologia da maioria dos traumas são as quedas.O trauma dentário mais frequente foi a fratura coronária sendo que os dentes incisivos centrais são os mais frequentemente afetados. A maioria dos pacientes não sofreu fraturas ósseas associadas.
Introduction: Trauma is a lesion produced by a violent action, usually from outside the body. The service isurgent and of high complexity. The facial trauma brings high physiological conflict due to the impairment ofaesthetics. Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of dentofacial traumaof patients treated during the year 2009 in the Dental Emergency Service of the Cajuru Hospital, located inthe city of Curitiba (PR, Brazil). Materials and methods: The study was carried out through the retrospectiveanalysis of 1,380 medical records of patients victims of dentofacial trauma taken care in CajuruHospital duringthe year of 2009. Results: It was observed that 66,37% from the affected patients were men. Children (0 to 10years old) were the most affected age group, with 38,47%. The falls were the main cause of traumas (53,92%).Sundays (17,39%) and the nighttime (35,90%) were the most frequentperiod of time that traumas occurred.The most frequent type of trauma was the coronary fracture (30,25%) and the most affected teeth were centralincisors (45,64%). Conclusions: The children were the main victims of dentofacial trauma. The male sex wasthe most affected. It was noticed that traumas occur mostly during the night and on Sundays. The most frequentlyreported etiology of trauma was fall. The coronal fracture was the most frequent type of fracture andthe central incisor was the most affected tooth. Most of the patients did notreport associated bone fractures.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Tooth Injuries/epidemiology , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Brazil/epidemiology , Sex Distribution , Sex Factors , Time Factors , Tooth Injuries/etiology , Facial Injuries/etiologySubject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Female , Gaucher Disease , Glucosylceramidase , Leukocytes , Signs and SymptomsABSTRACT
El presente trabajo es un estudio de corte transversal, cuyo objetivo fue evaluar los efectos a largo plazo de la desnutrición calórica-proteica severa y precoz sobre el desarrollo de funciones cognitivas básicas. La atención, memoria y capacidad de resolver problemas fue comparada entre un grupo de 16 escolares, con antecedentes de desnutrición marásmica severa durante los dos primeros años de vida y 16 escolares con un crecimiento normal. Todos los sujetos presentaban un coeficiente intelectual normal, una edad entre 8-10 años y pertenecían al mismo nivel socieconómico. Las funciones cognitivas fueron evaluadas empleando un microcomputador. La memoria se midió mediante una modificación de la subprueba de digitos del WISC; la atención con una modificación del Continous Perfomance Task y la capacidad de resolver problemas con una adaptación de la prueba de Dominó de Anstey. El grupo con atecedentes de desnutrición presentó un rendimiento menor que el grupo control, en las mediciones de memoria (Nº de dígitos retenidos) y en la capacidad de resolver problemas (Nº de respuestas correctas). En la prueba de atención, el grupo con antecedentes de desnutrición obtuvo un rendimiento interior en la latencia de respuesta frente a las respuestas correctas. Se concluye que estas diferencias sugieren que la desnutrición temprana tendría efectos deletéreos sobre funciones cognitivas básicas
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cross-Sectional Studies , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/complications , Educational Status , Intelligence , Nutritional Sciences , School FeedingABSTRACT
This study evaluates the psychomotor development of 228 undernourished infants submitted to an integral rehabilitation program in Nutritional Recovery Centers. At admission these children present a moderate retardation of their developmental quotient: mean 0.59 +/- 0.17, improving significantly to mean 0.79 +/- 0.4 (p < 0.001) after an average period of 178.2 +/- 63.9 days of intervention. As regards areas of development, rehabilitation only demonstrates a significant change in coordination and language, not so in the social and motor areas. Those children presenting the most severe developmental delays are also those who obtain the greater benefits from this integral rehabilitation program.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Developmental Disabilities/etiology , Psychomotor Performance , Infant Nutrition Disorders/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Nutritional Status , Rehabilitation Centers , Infant Nutrition Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
Se presentan las características clínicas y bioquímicas de 4 niños PKU diagnosticados tardíamente, a una edad promedio de 3 años 11 meses. Se enfatiza la importancia de hacer un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno, de modo de prevenir la aparición de retardo mental. Se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar un programa de búsqueda masiva para la detección de PKU en el período neonatal en nuestro país
Subject(s)
Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Humans , Male , Female , Phenylketonurias/diagnosisSubject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Humans , Male , Female , Perinatal Mortality/standards , Cause of Death/standardsABSTRACT
Se presenta un caso de Enfermedad de Lesch-Nyhan típico, cuyo diagnóstico fue confirmado a través de técnicas de crecimiento celular diferencial. Esta técnica permitió también establecer la condición de portadora en la madre y una de las tías en la que se realizó el diagnóstico prenatal de un nuevo caso. Se revisan algunos aspectos clínicos, metabólicos y terapéuticos de interés, enfatizando la importancia de los estudios diagnósticos específicos para el consejo genético adecuado de familias con esta rara pero grave enfermedad